Abstract
ABSTRACTBackgroundCultural and social factors play an important role in the development and persistence of Low Back Pain (LBP). Nevertheless, there are few studies investigating differences in LBP features between countries.ObjectiveTo determine differences in pain perception between individuals with LBP living in Brazil and Spain.MethodThirty Spanish individuals and 30 age- and sex-comparable Brazilian individuals with LBP were recruited from the Public Health Services of both countries. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the pain rating index (PRI), the number of words chosen (NWC), and the present pain index (PPI) extracted from the McGill Pain Questionnaire were used to assess pain. The Oswestry Disability Index, the Short Form-36, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were also applied. Differences between countries and the correlation between demographic and clinical variables in each country were assessed with parametric and the nonparametric tests.ResultsA significant Country by Gender interaction was found for the PRI total score (P=0.038), but not for intensity of pain, disability, PPI, or NWC, in which Spanish women exhibited greater pain ratio than Spanish men (P=0.014), and no gender differences were identified in Brazilians. The Spanish group showed a consistent pattern of correlations for clinical data. Within Brazilian patients, fewer correlations were found and all of the coefficients were lower than those in the Spanish group.ConclusionThe pain perception in patients with LBP is different depending on the country. Within Spanish patients, LBP is considered a more global entity affecting multidimensional contexts.
Highlights
Low back pain (LBP) refers to symptoms located under the costal edge and above the folds of the lower gluteus muscles with or without irradiation to the leg[1]
We considered the number of words chosen by the patient (NWC) and the present pain index (PPI), which describes current pain intensity from 0 to 5 scales
No significant differences between patients of either country were observed for age (P=0.64), gender distribution (P=0.80, weight (P=0.14), height (P=0.06), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.85), years with pain (P=0.74), pain intensity (P=0.24), PPI (P=0.92), pain rating index (PRI) total score (P=0.72), or NWC (P=0.11)
Summary
Low back pain (LBP) refers to symptoms located under the costal edge and above the folds of the lower gluteus muscles with or without irradiation to the leg[1]. LBP is classified as chronic when it persists for over 12 weeks[2]. Pain is a complex perceptive disorder associated with social and cultural factors[4,5]. Recognition of the pain experience is a complex subjective process. LBP quality of life, disability, mood, sleep with important psychosocial and cultural influences. Researchers have become highly interested in the effects of cultural factors[6,7], since these factors have acquired greater importance in chronic pain due to the biopsychosocial model[8,9]
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