Differences in Infiltration and Evaporation of Diesel and Gasoline Droplets Spilled onto Concrete Pavement

Bernat Adrià Mora,Markus Hilpert

doi:10.3390/su9071271

Abstract

Pollution at gas stations due to small spills that occur during vehicle refueling have received little attention. We have performed laboratory experiments to assess evaporation and infiltration of fuel spilled onto concrete. Changes in the concrete mass after small amounts of diesel and gasoline were spilled have been analyzed. Variation in humidity, among other parameters, clearly affects the measured mass since condensed water is constantly added to or released from the concrete. This mass experiences an about exponential decay in time. The difference in behavior between both fuel types is important as the percentage of evaporated mass is much larger for gasoline, while infiltration is more significant for diesel. A statistical analysis suggests that the initial spill amount does not significantly affect the fraction of infiltrated fuel over time. This finding is in agreement with pore-scale simulations that we performed. A significant amount of fuel could be seeping into soil and groundwater underneath concrete pavement at gas stations or could be released to the atmosphere. Possible solutions for pavement and groundwater pollution are considered.

Highlights

IntroductionLarge amounts of unburned fuel are routinely released to the environment [1]
At gas stations, large amounts of unburned fuel are routinely released to the environment [1]
Among the volatile organic compounds (VOC), some of the most studied are the group known as BTEX due to its high toxicity

Summary

Introduction

Large amounts of unburned fuel are routinely released to the environment [1]. This is of concern because diesel and gasoline contain many chemicals that are harmful to environmental and human health. Among the volatile organic compounds (VOC), some of the most studied are the group known as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) due to its high toxicity. These pollutants can adversely affect public health and populations, who spend significant amounts of time at or in the vicinity of gas stations, e.g., gas station attendants and workers [2]. Among the compounds listed above, benzene deserves special mention, because its relation with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and leukemia was proven [4]

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