Differences in Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors for Urinary Incontinence in Turkey: Analysis of 6,473 Women

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence, types and risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) and to evaluate the impact of incontinence on quality of life by using validated and objective questionnaires in the western and eastern parts of Turkey. Methods: In this multicenter observational study, 6,473 women from 38 cities in the western and eastern parts of Turkey were included. UI was assessed by ICIQ-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form) and IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire). Results: The UI rate was 20.9% (10% for stress, 8.3% overactive bladder and 2.6% for mixed type). In all, stress incontinence was the most common type. The rate of UI in women residing in the west was higher than in women living in the east (p < 0.001). ICIQ scores were comparable in the two groups but women in the west scored higher in each item of the IIQ. Age >40 years (p < 0.001), number of siblings >5 (p < 0.001) and low educational status (p < 0.001) increased the rate of incontinence. In binary logistic regression analysis menopausal status, age >40 years, number of siblings >5, being overweight, region of residence, and educational status were associated with UI. Conclusion: The rate of UI in women residing in the western part of Turkey was higher than women living in the east. Residing in a different geographical region (in our case living either in the western or eastern part of Turkey) seemed to be an independent risk factor for UI. Moreover, UI deteriorates quality of life and more attention should be paid to this vulnerable population.