Abstract
Abstract Differences among the mechanisms of energy deposition by high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, consisting of neutrons, protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions on one hand, and low-LET radiation, exemplified by electron beam and gamma radiation on the other, are utilized in the selection of types of radiation used for specific applications. Thus, high-LET radiation is used for modification of carbon nanotubes, ion track grafting, and the synthesis of membranes and nanowires, as well as for characterization of materials by means of neutron scattering. Recent applications of low-LET irradiation include minimization of radiolytic degradation upon sterilization of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), radiolytic synthesis of nanogels for drug delivery systems, grafting of polymers in the synthesis of adsorbents for uranium from seawater, and reductive remediation of PCBs. 1
Highlights
In recent years, radiation engineering has become a vital field in modern technology.[1]
High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is used for modification of carbon nanotubes, for ion track grafting, and the synthesis of membranes and nanowires, as well as for characterization of materials by means of neutron scattering
We describe the differences in reaction mechanisms between high LET radiation, such as protons and alpha particles, and low LET radiation, such as 200 keV-10 MeV electrons and gamma irradiation
Summary
Radiation engineering (i.e., the use of ionizing radiation in the advanced manufacturing and processing industries, reliability and risk assessment, manufacturing of nanocomposites and nano-gels, electron beam-based manufacturing of thin film polymer materials, electron lithography, environmental remediation engineering, radiation therapy, corrosion inhibition in nuclear power plants, and sterilization of medical equipment) has become a vital field in modern technology.[1]. One successful example is electron beam lithography and its applications in the nanoelectronics industry. Another important application is the development and use of neutron scattering to study the nanostructures of inorganic, organic, and biomaterials. There are numerous emerging nanotechnologies in which nuclear applications and radiation play decisive roles. These include nanoelectronics, biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapy. 2. Heavy charged particles (i.e. protons and alpha particles): The advancement of radiation oncology requires the application of nano-dosimetry, including measurements of the dose distribution within a single cancer cell.4 - With a further understanding of radiation cell killing mechanisms in a mixed LET field, new nano-dosimetry based cell survival equations are being developed and benchmarked against experimental results. By introducing quantities on the nanometer scale, corresponding to DNA and chromatin-level lesions, a better model of the mechanisms of cell death and repair can be developed and instituted in radiology. 5
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