Differences In Functional Fitness And Fear Of Falling Among Older Japanese Women

Abstract

PURPOSE: Declines in functional ability and the prevalence of falling are problems in older adults. In the elderly, the fear of falling (FOF) may be as limiting as falling itself in terms of restricting daily physical activity. Therefore, measures of functional fitness may be related to FOF. METHODS: A total of 537 women (68.9±5.7 y; range=60-94 y) were recruited from the community and divided into three groups: no fear of falling (NF, n=163), low fear of falling (LF, n=311), and high fear of falling (HF, n=63). FOF was assessed using a single question survey. Functional fitness was assessed by seven measures: 1) Chair Stand (CS); 2) Arm Curl (AC), 3) 8-foot up & go (UPGO); 4) Sit & Reach (SR); 5) Back Scratch (BS), 6) Functional reach, and 7) 12min-walk (12W). Balance was assessed using static postural sway (CTSIB) and limits of stability. Group comparisons were made using analysis of variance. RESULTS: All parameters of functional fitness except BS (upper body flexibility) were significantly lower in HF compared to other groups. Differences in CTSIB with foam-open-eyes were observed between all three groups with HF having lower balance than NF and LF groups.TABLECONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that fear of falling may have negative consequences with respect to older adults' functional fitness and balance. Further study is needed to determine if cause and effect relationships exist. It would also be interesting to examine if an exercise program for persons with FOF would increase functional fitness and balance while reducing FOF. Supported by the Grants-in-for Scientific Research of MEXT Japan.