Differences in diagnostic activity in general practice and findings for individuals invited to the danish screening programme for colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study

Jakob Søgaard Juul,Berit Andersen,Søren Laurberg,Anders Helles Carlsen,Frede Olesen,Peter Vedsted

doi:10.1080/02813432.2018.1487378

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic activity in general practice and the cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals invited to the Danish national screening programme for CRC.Design: A historical population-based cohort study.Setting: The Danish CRC screening programme and general practice.Subjects: The 376,198 individuals invited to the Danish CRC screening programme from 1 March to 31 December 2014.Main outcome Measures: The diagnostic activity (consultations and haemoglobin measures) in general practice in the year preceding the screening invitation and the cumulated incidence of CRC in the year following the screening invitation.Results: Screening participants had significantly higher diagnostic activity than non-participants. Individuals with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) had higher diagnostic activity compared to individuals with a negative FIT, and a small increase in the months leading up to the invitation. Individuals with a screen-detected CRC had lower diagnostic activity than individuals with no CRC. In total, 308 (25.3%) of CRCs diagnosed in the invited population were diagnosed outside the screening programme. Non-participants with CRC more often had low socio-economic status, high comorbidity and stage IV CRC than participants with CRC.Conclusions: There was a tendency that participants and those with a positive FIT had a higher diagnostic activity the year before the screening. This was not seen for those with CRC detected through screening. CRC must still be diagnosed in general practice in the invited population and non-participants are of special interest as they have higher risk of late stage CRC.Key PointsCurrent awareness:Individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) in screening may be symptomatic and CRC may still occur outside screening in the invited population.Most important points:The majority of individuals with CRC in screening cannot be expected to be diagnosed on symptomatic presentation in general practiceGPs have to be aware that CRC still occurs outside screening in the invited populationNon-participants with CRC are often deprived and have late stage CRC

Highlights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and one of the main reasons for cancer-related death [1]
Among the 245,299 (65%) participants, 16,206 (6.6%) had a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) result and 907 (6.1%) of individuals who had a colonoscopy or CT-colonography performed were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) (Figure 1)
Individuals with a positive FIT had lower socio-economic status (SES), more comorbidity and a higher diagnostic activity compared to individuals with a negative FIT

Summary

KEY POINTS

Current awareness:Individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) in screening may be symptomatic and CRC may still occur outside screening in the invited population. Most important points:The majority of individuals with CRC in screening cannot be expected to be diagnosed on symptomatic presentation in general practice. GPs have to be aware that CRC still occurs outside screening in the invited population. KEYWORDS Cohort study; mass screening; colorectal neoplasm; Denmark; general practice

Introduction

Study design

Results

Participants

Discussion

Notes on contributors