Abstract
Introduction: While the influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on periodontal health is well established, results of previous studies regarding the association of this metabolic disease and caries experience are rather inconsistent. The aim of this study was to assess the differences between caries status of healthy and adolescents with T1DM, as well as to determine the differences in caries experience among diabetic patients in relation to their metabolic control.Methods: Assessment of caries status was performed using the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth). The study group (Diabetic) included 60 patients diagnosed with T1DM, aged 12-18 years, from Sarajevo Canton. This group was divided into two sub-groups: a sub-group Diabetic-W consisted of 30 patients with well-controlled glycaemia, while a subgroup Diabetic-P comprised of 30 patients with poorer glycemic control. The control group consisted of 30 age-matched metabolically healthy individuals.Results: The T1DM adolescents had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) mean DMFT score than the healthy subjects, 11.49 and 6.19 respectively. Statistically, the diabetic group had also significantly higher values of the D and M components. Concerning the metabolic control, mean DMFT score in the Diabetic-W subgroup was lower (10.57) than in the Diabetic-P subgroup (12.39), however the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the T1DM patients have a higher caries experience, regardless of the degree of metabolic control. The level of untreated dental decay and missing teeth components among the diabetic adolescents indicates irregular dental attendance.
Highlights
While the influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on periodontal health is well established, results of previous studies regarding the association of this metabolic disease and caries experience are rather inconsistent
A higher concentration of salivary glucose and increased acidity in the mouth are the factors that lead to increased risk for the development of caries in patients with diabetes mellitus, while on the other hand, cutting back on carbohydrates and successful glycemic control can lead to a reduced incidence of caries in these patients [6]
The aim of this study was to assess the differences between dental caries status of healthy and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as to determine whether there are differences in caries experience among diabetic patients in relation to their metabolic control
Summary
While the influence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on periodontal health is well established, results of previous studies regarding the association of this metabolic disease and caries experience are rather inconsistent. Complications of diabetes mellitus are the result of persistent hyperglycemia and poor metabolic control. A high level of glucose in the saliva increases the amount of fermentable carbohydrates available for the metabolism of oral bacteria, which results in high production of acids that cause demineralization of hard tooth tissues. A higher concentration of salivary glucose and increased acidity in the mouth are the factors that lead to increased risk for the development of caries in patients with diabetes mellitus, while on the other hand, cutting back on carbohydrates and successful glycemic control can lead to a reduced incidence of caries in these patients [6]
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