DIFFERENCES IN COMMON BEAN VARIETIES WITH RESPECT TO VALUABLE ECONOMIC TRAITS

Abstract

As a result of this research, a number of variety varieties have been identified, which are distinguished by a set of valuable economic traits. The differences of variety samples were established by a comparative evaluation of the manifestation of traits in comparison with the standard. Among the bean varieties under study, 25 pieces were classified as early-ripening (27.8%). (27.8%), medium-early - 36.0 pcs. (40.0%), medium-ripening - 18.0 pcs. - (20%) and medium-early - 11 pcs. (12,2%). Common bean varieties with high attachment of the lower beans on the plant were identified. Among the totality of the original material submitted varieties were: UD0302930 (Ukraine) - 16.7 cm, UD0302957 (Ukraine) - 16.5 cm, UD0301502 (Ukraine) - 16.0 cm, Local 2 (Ukraine) - 15.6 cm. Compared with the standard, only cultivars UD0302930 (Ukraine) and UD0302957 (Ukraine) significantly exceeded the standard in terms of the height of lower bean attachment. The number of seeds per plant is a derived trait of the number of beans, so the varieties with the highest number of beans were also characterized by higher rates of seed number per plant. Consequently, UD0300411 (Romania) with 45.7 and UD0301736 with 44.2 seeds per plant were noted to have significantly exceeded the standard in this indicator. At level with the standard number of seeds per plant was found in samples UD0301043 (Turkey), Local 1 (Ukraine) - 38.9 pcs. The quantitative expression of the trait 1000 grains weight is a confirmation of the previously reported material, that in order to form the maximum expression of the trait in grain legume crops, including common bean, parental forms are included in hybridization for the expression of yield structure elements slightly above the average in the whole sample. That is, the varieties that stood out both in the number of beans per plant and the number of seeds per plant were inferior to other samples, in which the number of beans and the number of seeds per plant were lower. The highest mass of 1000 grains was characterized by the variety samples UD0300227 (USA) - 248.3 g, UD0300782 (Ukraine) - 221.2 g, Local 1 (Ukraine) - 224.3 g, UD0303753 ) - 214.3 g, UD0301736 - 208.3 g. In terms of yield as well as grain productivity, the following varieties stood out: UD0300227 (USA) - 402 g, UD0301736 - 405 g, UD0300411 (Romania) - 391 g, Local 1 (Ukraine) - 3 (4) g, which exceeded the standard at a significant level.