Differences in clinical and radiographic features between bilateral and unilateral adult degenerative temporomandibular joint disease: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Abstract

To study the correlations of clinical findings and the severity of osseous alterations between bilateral and unilateral degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Forty-eight joints from 35 adult patients with DJD were retrospectively examined. The joints were divided into two groups: bilateral DJD (BDJD) (26 joints) and unilateral DJD (UDJD) (22 joints). We collected data on patient characteristics and symptoms, including pain on palpation, limited mouth opening, pain during mandibular movement, and joint noises. Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was used to assess bony changes, including maximum condylar bone change, severity of erosion, severity of osteophytes, glenoid fossa changes, and superior joint space measurements. Data were correlated between subgroups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age or gender. However, pain on palpation was significantly more common in UDJD joints (81.8%) compared to BDJD joints (53.9%). Limitation of mouth opening was also significantly more common in BDJD cases (61.5%) compared to UDJD cases (22.7%). The number of joints with painless degeneration was more common in BDJD TMJs (38.4%) than in UDJD TMJs (9%). There was no significant difference between the two subgroups with regard to pain during mandibular movements or joint sounds and severity of bony changes. This study provided important results outlining clinical the clinical profiles of DJD patients. While painful degeneration was more frequent in UDJD joints, painless degeneration was higher in BDJD joints. Limitation of mouth opening was more common in BDJD patients.