Differences between zofenopril and ramipril, two ACE inhibitors, on cough induced by citric acid in guinea pigs: role of bradykinin and PGE2

Abstract

Dry and persistent cough is one of the commonest side effects experienced by patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. The present study investigated the effect of zofenopril and ramipril on cough induced by citric acid in guinea pig and the involvement of bradykinin (BK) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in mediating the responses of these drugs. Zofenopril (10mg/kg) or ramipril (3-10mg/kg), which is threefold more potent than zofenopril, on a mg basis, in lowering blood pressure, was orally administered daily in drinking water for 2weeks. At the end of this period, aerosol of citric acid solution (0.1M) was performed and the number of cough counted for 10min. The role of the kinin B(2) receptor was also investigated. BK and PGE2 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured after repeated oral treatment with zofenopril or ramipril (10mg/kg). Ramipril (3-10mg/kg) increased citric acid-induced cough by 40% and 60%, respectively, as compared to the vehicle control group (15.0 ± 1.8), while zofenopril (10mg/kg) was without effect. The enhancement of citric acid-induced cough caused by ramipril (10mg/kg) was reduced by the kinin B(2) receptor antagonist MEN16132 (0.25mg/kg ip). BK and PGE2 levels in the BAL fluid were increased, in comparison to the control group, after ramipril treatment, while they were unchanged after zofenopril administration. Zofenopril, contrary to ramipril, did not affect either citric acid-induced cough in the guinea pigs or BK and PGE2 production in the airways.