Differences between Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and IgE-sensitization to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin on risk factors and effects in adult population

Han-Ki Park,Taek Soo Kim,Byung-Keun Kim,Seok-Ju Yoo,Sekyung Jang,Sung Yeon Kim,Kwan Lee

doi:10.1186/s13223-022-00648-4

Abstract

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal carriage (SA carriage) and IgE-sensitization to SA enterotoxin (SE IgE-sensitization) are known to be associated with chronic airway disease.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the differences in risk factors, type 2 inflammation and respiratory symptoms between SA carriage and SE IgE-sensitization.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of a community-based adult population to evaluate the environmental exposure and health impact of the Pohang Industrial Complex, Korea. Participants were examined based on self-reported questionnaires, nasal swab, and blood sampling.ResultsThere were 307 participants, and the overall prevalence of SA carriage and SE IgE-sensitization was 26.1% (80/307) and 25.7% (79/307), respectively. An urban environment was significantly correlated with SA carriage, whereas age and obesity were significantly correlated with SE IgE-sensitization. SA carriage was not associated with an increase in total IgE and blood eosinophil count, whereas SE IgE-sensitization was associated with an increased total IgE and blood eosinophil count. SA carriage was significantly correlated with cough persisting for more than three weeks (OR, 3.044; 95% CI, 1.137–8.153) and sputum (OR, 2.429; 95% CI, 1.008–5.854). SE IgE-sensitization was a significant correlation with only sputum (OR, 2.452; 95% CI, 1.066–5.640). SA carriage and SE IgE-sensitization showed a synergistic effect on the prevalence of cough and sputum.ConclusionSA carriage was associated with the urban environment, and SE IgE-sensitization was associated with the elderly and obesity. SA carriage and SE IgE-sensitization had different correlation with type 2 inflammation and airway symptoms.

Highlights

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is one of the most colonized strains in the environment and human body surfaces and it can act as a facultative bacterial pathogen [1]
SA carriage was associated with the urban environment, and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) IgE-sensitization was associated with the elderly and obesity
We found that: (1) SA carriage was associated with the urban environment, and SE IgEsensitization was associated with host factors, such as

Summary

Introduction

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is one of the most colonized strains in the environment and human body surfaces and it can act as a facultative bacterial pathogen [1]. The nasal cavity is the most common colonization area of SA in the human body, and the permanent carriage in more than. SA nasal carriage (SA carriage) is known to increase the risk of opportunistic infections, and to increase the risk of chronic airway diseases. One of the mechanisms of SA that induces type 2 inflammation is the formation of IgE antibodies against SA superantigen (SA enterotoxin, SE). SE IgE-sensitization is highly correlated with the chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and eosinophilic asthma, which are associated with airway type 2 inflammation [5]. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal carriage (SA carriage) and IgE-sensitization to SA enterotoxin (SE IgEsensitization) are known to be associated with chronic airway disease

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Discussion

Conclusion