Abstract
BackgroundMitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenosine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is associated with longevity in the Japanese. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Mt5178 C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of habitual smoking or habitual drinking on serum non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels in middle-aged Japanese men.MethodsA total of 394 male subjects (age 53.9 ± 7.9 years; mean ± SD) were selected from among individuals visiting the hospital for regular medical check-ups. After Mt5178 C/A genotyping, a cross-sectional study assessing the joint effects of Mt5178 C/A polymorphism and cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking on serum non-HDL cholesterol levels was conducted. High levels of serum non-HDL cholesterol were defined as serum non-HDL cholesterol levels ≥160 mg/dl or ≥190 mg/dl.ResultsFor men with Mt5178A, cigarette smoking may increase serum non-HDL cholesterol levels (P for trend < 0.001), as well as the risk of high levels of non-HDL cholesterol (serum non-HDL cholesterol levels ≥160 mg/dl, P for trend < 0.001; serum non-HDL cholesterol levels ≥190 mg/dl, P for trend = 0.004). On the other hand, for men with Mt5178C, after adjusting for age and body mass index, alcohol consumption may decrease serum non-HDL cholesterol levels (P for trend = 0.043) and the risk of high levels of non-HDL cholesterol (serum non-HDL cholesterol level ≥160 mg/dl, P for trend = 0.005).ConclusionsThese gene-environment interactions on serum non-HDL cholesterol levels may contribute to the establishment of individualized prevention of the risk of high levels of serum non-HDL cholesterol.
Highlights
Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenosine (Mt5178 mitochondrial DNA cytosine/adenosine (C/A)) polymorphism is associated with longevity in the Japanese
This study aims to investigate whether longevityassociated Mt5178 C/A polymorphism influences the effects of habitual drinking or habitual smoking on serum non-High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels or the risk of high levels of serum non-HDL cholesterol in middle-aged Japanese male subjects
No significant differences in serum non-HDL cholesterol levels were observed between the Mt5178 C/A genotypes
Summary
Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenosine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is associated with longevity in the Japanese. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Mt5178 C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of habitual smoking or habitual drinking on serum non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol levels in middle-aged Japanese men. Orakzai and colleagues reported that nonHDL cholesterol is more strongly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis than all other routine lipid measures, and proposed that non-HDL cholesterol is a crucial treatment target in primary prevention of coronary heart disease [2]. Large-scale population-based cross-sectional studies have indicated that serum non-HDL cholesterol levels are strongly influenced by cigarette smoking [3] and alcohol consumption [3,4]. Vogel and colleagues reported the combined effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) polymorphism and alcohol consumption on serum non-HDL cholesterol levels [5]. Even in the establishment of primary prevention for high levels of non-HDL cholesterol, genetic information deserves consideration
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