Difference in characteristics and lesion reactivation between type 3 macular neovascularization with and without subretinal fluid at baseline.

Abstract

To compare the characteristics and incidence rates of lesion reactivation after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV) with and without subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline. This retrospective study included 95 patients diagnosed with type 3 MNV. After the initial loading injections, re-treatment was performed when lesion reactivation occurred defined as the re-accumulation of subretinal or intraretinal fluid or the new development of a retinal/subretinal hemorrhage. The differences in the baseline characteristics and the incidence rates of lesion reactivation were compared between patients with SRF (SRF group, n = 42) and those without SRF (non-SRF group, n = 53). At diagnosis, the mean visual acuity was worse (0.68 ± 0.41 vs 0.50 ± 0.36; P = 0.032), mean central retinal thickness was greater (515.4 ± 145.9μm vs 383.8 ± 105.5μm; P < 0.001), and the incidence of focal retinal hemorrhages was higher (90.5% vs 66.0%; P = 0.005) in the SRF group than in the non-SRF group. In the SRF group, the first lesion reactivation was noted in 89.7% at a mean of 5.8 ± 4.4months after the third injection. In the non-SRF group, the first lesion reactivation was noted in 70.6% at a mean of 6.1 ± 3.8months. There was a significant difference in lesion reactivation between the two groups (P = 0.019). The difference in the baseline characteristics and incidence of lesion reactivation between type 3 MNV with and without SRF suggests that the presence of SRF may be indicative of more advanced disease with a high risk of visual deterioration. This result also suggests the need for more active treatment to preserve vision in patients with SRF.