Abstract
BackgroundThe present research addresses the issue of skin aging and corresponding skin treatment individualization. Particular research question was on the development of a simplified criterion supporting patient-specific decisions about the necessity and intensity of skin treatment. Basing on published results and a wide pool of our own experimental data, a hypothesis is formulated that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as a powerful indicator of skin aging.MethodsIn the present paper, we report the results of studies with 80 volunteers between 15 and 65 years of age linking skin cell profile parameters to biologic and chronologic age. Biologic age was calculated using the empirical expressions based on the forced vital lung capacity, systolic blood pressure, urea concentration, and blood cholesterol level. Epidermis and derma cellular structures were studied using skin biopsy samples taken from the gluteal region.ResultsThe present study supports the conclusion that biologic and chronologic age difference is changing in the progress of life. Our studies are showing that time point when calculated biologic age becomes equal to the chronologic one reflecting the onset of specific changes in the age dependencies of experimentally measured skin cell profile parameters. Thus, it is feasible that a difference between chronologic and individually assessed biologic age indeed reflects the process of skin aging.ConclusionsWith all reservations to the relatively small number of study participants, it seems feasible that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as an indicator of skin aging. Additional research linking blood immune profile and skin topography to the difference of biologic and chronologic age (reported in the following paper) provides further support for the formulated hypotheses. So, a difference between calculated biologic age and chronologic age can be used as an individualized criterion supporting decisions on skin treatment strategies. Further research involving larger numbers of participants aimed at optimizing the expressions for calculating biologic age could lead to reliable and easily available express criterion supporting the decision for the individualized skin treatment.
Highlights
IntroductionThe appearance of human skin commonly affects external perception and can have significant life consequences (Graham and Kligman 1985; Berry and McArthur 1986; Kligman and Graham 1986; Waters 1986; Steele et al 1993; Koblenzer 1996; Gupta 1998; Gilchrest 2003; Gupta and Gupta 2003; Koblenzer 2003; Gupta and Gilchrest 2005; Lai et al 2011; Rawal and Anshu 2019)
Body mass index (BMI) Index distribution of the participants Figure 1 presents the BMI indices in the participant subgroups according to the chronologic age (a), and a number of the participants corresponding to BMI sub-groups (b)
Chronologic age dependence of the activated cells CD146 + CD54-HLA-DR+ numbers is very different for male and Analysis of the data related to the epidermal mastocytes (Fig. 7) indicates that their overall number (CD249+) is rather stable through the entire life span for both male and female with some tendency to decrease in the middle age
Summary
The appearance of human skin commonly affects external perception and can have significant life consequences (Graham and Kligman 1985; Berry and McArthur 1986; Kligman and Graham 1986; Waters 1986; Steele et al 1993; Koblenzer 1996; Gupta 1998; Gilchrest 2003; Gupta and Gupta 2003; Koblenzer 2003; Gupta and Gilchrest 2005; Lai et al 2011; Rawal and Anshu 2019). Intense interventions are started earlier than it is necessary, and products designed for intensive skin treatment are often used without adequate substantiation. Such treatment may result in only negligible undesired consequences, but it can inflict certain damage (which potentially could be long lasting). It is desirable to have some easy individualized indicators showing if in the particular case the skin is “young enough” and does not need intense treatment, or it is already “aging” and certain degree of treatment (moderate or intense) may be required for supporting effective decision-making for cosmetics and medicine. Basing on published results and a wide pool of our own experimental data, a hypothesis is formulated that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as a powerful indicator of skin aging
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