Diets enriched with finely ground wheat bran alter digesta passage rate and composition of the gut microbiome in sows

Abstract

We investigated the effects of finely ground wheat bran on the nutrient digestibility, digesta passage rate, and gut microbiota structure in sows. A 3×3 Latin square design with 3 test periods and 3 experimental diets was used. Six non-pregnant sows (parity: 5 to 7) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental diets with 2 replicates per treatment in each period. Each period lasted 19d (12d for adaptation and 7d for experiment). The experimental diets included (a) a basal corn and soybean meal diet (CON), (b) a basal diet with 20% coarse wheat bran (CWB; particle size: 605μm), and (c) a basal diet with 20% fine wheat bran (FWB; particle size: 438μm). The results demonstrated that the apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and energy were reduced (P<0.05) in the FWB and CWB groups compared with those in the CON group. Viscosity of digesta increased (P<0.001) in FWB-fed sows. The passage rate of digesta from the mouth to the ileum decreased (P<0.001) in FWB-fed sows. Peptide YY (PYY) concentration increased (P=0.01) in FWB-fed sows after 30min of feeding. In the FWB group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae at the family level increased (P<0.05) in the ileal digesta. At the class level, the relative abundance of Clostridia in feces decreased (P<0.05) in FWB-fed sows. FWB enhanced the concentration of butyrate in feces compared with CON and CWB (P=0.04). These results suggest that dietary supplementation with finely ground wheat bran reduces the passage rate of digesta, increases the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, and elevates the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and PYY in sows. These findings indicate that the addition of finely-ground wheat bran to the diets of sows is more effective than using coarse wheat bran for improving their satiety and intestinal microbial composition.