Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a fatal disease caused by the uncontrolled propagation and endurance of atypical colon cells. A person’s lifestyle and eating pattern have significant impacts on the CRC in a positive and/or negative way. Diet-derived phytochemicals modulate the microbiome as well as targeting colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are found to offer significant protective effects against CRC, which were organized in an appropriate spot on the paper. All information on dietary phytochemicals, gut microbiome, CSCs, and their influence on CRC were accessed from the various databases and electronic search engines. The effectiveness of CRC can be reduced using various dietary phytochemicals or modulating microbiome that reduces or inverses the progression of a tumor as well as CSCs, which could be a promising and efficient way to reduce the burden of CRC. Phytochemicals with modulation of gut microbiome continue to be auspicious investigations in CRC through noticeable anti-tumorigenic effects and goals to CSCs, which provides new openings for cancer inhibition and treatment.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal diseases and foremost causes of death globally, representing the third most common malignancy
Investigators established that cancer stem cells (CSCs) in many tumor cells contain a negligible concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and these quantities are dynamic for preserving normal stem cell functions [142]
Various researchers have recommended that curcumin, phenyl isothiocyanate, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have anti-tumorigenic properties that are possibly mediated through an epigenetic mechanism by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) inhibition [146,147]
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal diseases and foremost causes of death globally, representing the third most common malignancy. CSCs are generally tumor-initiating, self-renewal, long-lasting cells that divide asymmetrically and harvest aggressively thriving cancer progenitor cells These cells are resistant to cytotoxic conditions, divide into the manifold, and create endless copies, characterizing clinically relevant CRC development [8]. Dietary interventions or the consumption of phytochemicals is the beneficial component, which has been proved as effective in treating CRC [21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] Taking this into account, we aimed to review in-depth analysis of various diet-derived phytochemicals mediating the gut microbiome and its role in CRC prevention and treatment. We intend to review the dietary phytochemical interventions targeting colon CSCs on CRC prevention
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