Dietary Zinc Glycine Supplementation Improves Tibia Quality of Meat Ducks by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier and Bone Resorption.

Abstract

Leg problems characterized by gait abnormity and bone structure destruction are associated with a high risk of fractures and continuous pain in poultry. Zinc (Zn) acts a pivotal part in normal bone homeostasis and has proven to be highly effective in alleviating leg problems. Therefore, the effects of graded concentration of Zn on bone quality were evaluated in this study. A total of 512 1-d-old male ducks were fed 4 basal diets added 30mg/kg Zn, 60mg/kg Zn, 90mg/kg Zn, and 120mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine for 35 d. Tibia Zn content, ash percentage, and breaking strength linearly increased with dietary elevated Zn level (P < 0.05). Broken-line analysis revealed that the recommended level of Zn from Zn glycine was 55.13mg/kg and 64.48mg/kg based on tibia ash and strength, respectively. To further confirm the role of dietary Zn glycine addition on bone characteristics, data from birds fed either 60mg/kg Zn as Zn sulfate (ZnSO4), 30mg/kg Zn, or 60mg/kg Zn in the form of Zn glycine indicated that birds given 60mg/kg Zn from Zn glycine diet exhibited higher tibia ash, strength, and trabecular volume compared to those fed the 30mg/kg Zn diet (P < 0.05). Dietary 60mg/kg Zn as Zn glycine addition decreased intestinal permeability, upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction protein, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which was companied by declined the level of inflammatory cytokines in both the ileum and bone marrow. Regarding bone turnover, the diet with 60mg/kg Zn from Zn glycine induced osteoprotegerin expression and thus decreased osteoclast number and serum bone resorption biomarker levels including serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen level when compared to 30mg/kg Zn diet (P < 0.05). Except for the upregulation in runt-related transcription factor 2 transcription, the experimental treatments did not apparently change the bone formation biomarker contents in serum. Additionally, Zn glycine displayed a more efficient absorption rate, evidenced by higher serum Zn level, and thus had potentially greater a protective role in the intestine barrier and tibia mass as compared to ZnSO4. Collectively, the dietary supplementation of 60mg/kg in the form of Zn glycine could suppress bone resorption mediated by osteoclast and consequently improve tibial quality of meat ducks, in which enhanced intestinal integrity and optimized gut microbiota might be involved.