Abstract
Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions but bacteria-produced vitamin B6 is not sufficient to meet host requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of diet-derived vitamin B6 on gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 47) were fed a control, low B6 (LB6) or high B6 (HB6) diet for six weeks. Serum and cecal samples were collected for biochemical, metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. There was a significant sex effect for gut microbiota and several metabolic markers. Bodyweight and percent body fat were significantly reduced in LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. Microbial beta-diversity differed significantly between LB6 and the control and HB6 rats in both sexes. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides were the primary taxa driving the difference between LB6 and control. There was a significant separation of cecal and serum metabolites of LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. In the cecum, arginine biosynthesis was impaired, while vitamin B6 metabolism, lysine degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were impaired in serum metabolite profiles. Cecal propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced in LB6 rats irrespective of sex. Host vitamin B6 deficiency but not excess significantly alters gut microbial composition and its metabolites.
Highlights
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play a crucial role in several metabolic reactions [1].The deficiency of such nutrients is observed in both underdeveloped and developed societies [2]. the role of dietary factors in modulating gut microbiota composition and their influence on the host physiology are well documented [3], little is known about how micronutrient deficiencies affect gut microbial ecology
We demonstrate that a dietary vitamin B6 deficiency impaired the gut microbial profile and altered the interrelationship between the gut microbiota, metabolites and the host metabolism cecal and serum metabolites in rats
The current work demonstrates that the dietary deficiency but not surplus of vitamin B6 alters the gut microbial community and the associated host and microbial metabolites as assessed in serum and cecal contents
Summary
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play a crucial role in several metabolic reactions [1].The deficiency of such nutrients is observed in both underdeveloped and developed societies [2]. the role of dietary factors in modulating gut microbiota composition and their influence on the host physiology are well documented [3], little is known about how micronutrient deficiencies affect gut microbial ecology. Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play a crucial role in several metabolic reactions [1]. The deficiency of such nutrients is observed in both underdeveloped and developed societies [2]. Magnusdottir et al identified riboflavin and niacin as the two most commonly synthesized B-vitamins in the gut [4]. According to their estimation, gut microbiota could not provide enough B-vitamins to meet the host’s daily requirement. A large portion of the bacterially synthesized vitamins must compete between the host and the non-producers in the gut [4].
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