Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

M Moretó,C Amat,C Manichanh,A Pérez-Bosque,L Miró,J Polo

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59756-z

Abstract

In animal models of inflammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal inflammation. Here, we study whether these effects could be mediated by changes in the intestinal microbiota and if these changes are similar to those induced by oral antibiotics. Weaned 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the CTL group, fed the control diet; the COL group, administered low doses of neomycin and colistin; and the SDP group, supplemented with 8% SDP. After 14 days, analysis of the fecal microbiome showed that the microbiota profiles induced by SDP and the antibiotics were very different, thus, SDP has prebiotic rather than antibiotic effects. At the phylum level, SDP stimulated the presence of Firmicutes, considerably increasing the lactobacilli population. It also enhanced the growth of species involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte homeostasis and restoration of the mucosal barrier, as well as species negatively correlated with expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the mucosal level, expression of toll-like receptors Tlr2, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and mucous-related genes Muc2 and Tff3 with regulatory and barrier stability functions, were increased. SDP also increased expression of Il-10 and Tgf-β, as well as markers of macrophages and dendritic cells eventually promoting an immune-tolerant environment.

Highlights

In animal models of inflammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal inflammation
The anti-inflammatory properties of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) have been studied in several rodent models, the model of mild intestinal inflammation induced by systemic administration of S. aureus enterotoxin B8, the model of acute lung inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide inhalation[9,10], the model of uterine mucosal inflammation induced by transport stress[11], and a colitis model using knockout mice lacking the mdr1a gene that codifies for P-glycoprotein[12,13]
The present study shows that feeding mice with SDP changes the microbiota composition at several taxonomic levels, enhancing probiotic families and species that regulate mucosal barrier permeability and promote mucosal tolerance

Summary

Introduction

In animal models of inflammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal inflammation. Dietary plasma supplements obtained from porcine and bovine sources enhance growth in several animal species[1,2,3,4] Such supplements are commonly used in animal husbandry because they reduce morbidity and mortality via mechanisms that involve activation of the immune system, with a special role for gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and regulation of mucosal barrier functions[5]. They may be functional immunoglobulins in SDP, binding to luminal antigens and reducing the activity of luminal inflammatory stimuli, as suggested by Petschow et al.[3] and Pérez-Bosque et al.[5] Another possibility is that SDP modulates the intestinal commensal microbiota to promote probiotic species that stimulate cell receptors at inductive sites and eventually regulate mucosal lymphoid responses at the effector sites

Methods

Results

Conclusion