Abstract
Simple SummaryFlammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of Flammulina velutipes (FV), which is rich in amino acids, vitamins and trace minerals. The direct disposal of FVS can cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the utilization and effects of FVS in diets for weaned piglets. Effective utilization of FVS can avoid the waste of resources, and have direct positive effects on environmental pollution reduction.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1–28 and day 1–56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.
Highlights
Mushrooms are excellent sources for selenium, vitamin B such as riboflavin, and minerals such as potassium and copper, and are rich in dietary fiber (DF), β-glucans and chitin [1]
No differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) during d 15 to d 28, but the ADG and G/F linearly decreased (p < 0.01)
When the dietary NDF level increased more than 25%, it did affect the growth performance of the piglets (Table 4)
Summary
Mushrooms are excellent sources for selenium, vitamin B such as riboflavin, and minerals such as potassium and copper, and are rich in dietary fiber (DF), β-glucans and chitin [1]. Flammulina velutipes (FV) is the fourth most popular edible mushroom worldwide because of its delicious taste and high nutritional properties, which contains high proportion of essential amino acids, vitamins, and fiber, low energy and fat content [2]. FV occupies large proportion in the edible mushroom market in Asia. With the continuous expansion of the FV production, the by-product of FV, Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS), has been produced in large amounts. The common management of FVS was a waste of resources, and the direct disposal of FVS may cause environmental pollution
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
