Dietary supplementation of Agaricus bisporus stalk meal on growth performance, carcass and organ traits, meat quality, cecum mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts and intestinal histology in broiler chickens

Ayse Gul Filik,Ahmet Sahin,Isa Coskun,Emrah Gungor,Aydin Altop,Huseyin Cayan,Guray Erener

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20201051

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Effects of dietary Agaricus bisporus mixture or stalk or cap on growth performance, carcass components and some meat quality parameters, mesophilic aerobic bacterial counts, and intestinal histomorphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates, each including 15 birds. Chickens were fed with basal diet (C), mushroom mixture (MM, 10 g stalk+10 g cap/kg diet), mushroom stalk (MS, 20 g/kg diet) and mushroom cap (MC, 20 g/kg diet). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P < 0.01) by dietary MS while feed intake (FI) decreased (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups compared to control. However, body weight gain (BWG) was decreased (P < 0.01) by MC inclusion. Mushroom supplemented groups had higher (P < 0.05) mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the cecum. MS inclusion increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P < 0.01) and villus height in the ileum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05). MC increased (P < 0.01) crypt depth in the jejunum. There were no statistical differences among groups for carcass components (P > 0.05). The L* values were decreased (P < 0.01) in thigh meat but increased (P < 0.01) in breast meat by mushroom inclusion. The a* values were decreased (P < 0.01) and b* values were increased (P < 0.05) in both thigh and breast meat with mushroom addition to diet. The obtained results indicated that A. bisporus stalk meal at an inclusion level of 20 g/kg of diet had favourable effects on growth performance with higher feed efficiency, improved intestinal morphology with higher villus height and increased meat quality of broiler chickens.

Highlights

Mushroom production rapidly increased in Turkey to more than 49,000 tons and reached more than 11.8 million tons annually around the world (FAO, 2019)
Dietary treatments were control (C, basal diet without A. bisporus mushroom), A. bisporus mushroom mixture (MM, per kg experimental diet supplemented with 10 g mushroom stalk+10 g mushroom cap), A. bisporus mushroom stalk (MS, per kg experimental diet supplemented with 20 g MS) and A. bisporus mushroom cap (MC, per experimental diet supplemented with 20 g MC)
A. bisporus stalk meal can be used in broiler diets at 20 g/kg with beneficial effects on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and meat quality

Summary

Introduction

Mushroom production rapidly increased in Turkey to more than 49,000 tons and reached more than 11.8 million tons annually around the world (FAO, 2019). The bottom part of the mushroom stalks are usually discarded during the packing process in mushroom production facilities. This quantity of by-product is equal to 20% of total mushroom production. Its nutritional content is quite reasonable with respect to crude protein, metabolizable energy, and other health beneficial substances since their extracts are sold at higher prices in chemist or health support markets. If these by-products are not used in any field, they will cause environmental pollution (YANG et al, 2021). Use of the mushroom stalks in animal nutrition will help to reduce environmental pollution

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