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Abstract
BackgroundObesity has become a public health concern worldwide because it is linked to numerous metabolic disorders, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that are efficacious and have minimal side effects in obesity treatment. This study examined the effect of dietary supplement of Smilax china L. ethanol extract (SCLE) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity.MethodsFifty ICR mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with 0.25, 0.5% or 1% SCLE for 8 weeks. Body weight, intraperitioneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver lipids were measured. Activity, mRNA and protein expressions of lipid metabolism-related enzymes were analyzed.ResultsOver 0.5% SCLE had reduced cholesterol biosynthesis by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently suppressed the mRNA expression of both sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Thus, the plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in the HFD-fed mice were decreased. AMPK activation caused by SCLE also significantly upregulated lipolysis by enhancing adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activities. This accelerated triglyceride hydrolysis and fatty acid release. Finally, SCLE increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and acyl-CoA oxidase activities, which further promoted fatty acid β-oxidation.ConclusionSCLE could lead to a decrease in body weight gain and fat mass by inhibiting the lipid synthesis and promoting lipolysis and β-oxidation in HFD fed mice. The underlying mechanism is probably associated with regulating AMPK pathway.
Highlights
With increasing westernization of food habits and lifestyle, obesity in infancy and adolescence has become a public health concern worldwide [1]
It is notable that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice receiving diets supplemented with over 0.5% Smilax china L. ethanol extract (SCLE) had significantly lower intraperitioneal adipose tissue (IPAT) weight
Means within the same column but not sharing the same superscript letter are significantly different (P < 0.05) ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS: fatty acid synthase; CAT: carnitine acyltransferase; ACO: acyl-CoA oxidase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase biosynthesis, we examined FAS and HMG-CoAR mRNA levels, which were involved in lipogenesis
Summary
With increasing westernization of food habits and lifestyle, obesity in infancy and adolescence has become a public health concern worldwide [1]. Lifestyle changes in dietary intake and physical activity contribute to the development of obesity [5]. Anti-obesity drug is only necessary when the behavioral approach is not sufficient to get the optimal target of weight and metabolic control. These drugs can lead to short-term weight loss, and patients have difficulty in maintaining a normal weight over time due to lack of compliance to their drug regimen [7]. Obesity has become a public health concern worldwide because it is linked to numerous metabolic disorders, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study examined the effect of dietary supplement of Smilax china L. ethanol extract (SCLE) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity
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