Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin photoaging, which is mainly characterized by dryness and wrinkle formation. In the current study, we investigated the anti-photoaging effects of dietary suberic acid, a naturally occurring photochemical, using UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Mice were exposed to UVB three times weekly and fed diets containing three different suberic acid concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for 10 weeks. It was found that suberic acid inhibited UVB-induced skin dryness, wrinkle formation, and epidermal thickness in hairless mice. In parallel with phenotypic changes, suberic acid attenuated UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes (MMP1a, MMP1b, MMP3, and MMP9), while accelerating collagen genes including collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), COL1A2, and COL3A1 and hyaluronic acid synthases genes (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3). We further demonstrated that suberic acid upregulated the molecules involved in the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway, but downregulated the molecules participating in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling in UVB-irritated hairless mice. Collectively, we propose that suberic acid may be a promising agent for treating skin photoaging.
Highlights
Cutaneous aging is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors
We further demonstrated that suberic acid upregulated the molecules involved in the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β)/SMAD pathway, but downregulated the molecules participating in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling in UVB-irritated hairless mice
We found that suberic acid showed no toxicity against UVB-induced Hs68 cells according to MTT
Summary
Cutaneous aging is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic aging is an inevitable process that causes fine wrinkles, thin skin, and gradual dermal atrophy. Extrinsic aging is induced by environmental risks including sun exposure and poor nutrition, leading to dry skin, coarse wrinkles, a rough-textured appearance, and elasticity loss [1,2]. Chronic solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure, especially UVB, is the major environmental cause of cutaneous aging and extrinsic aging is called photoaging [3]. It is well documented that chronic and repetitive UVB exposure results in extracellular matrix (ECM) and dermal connective tissue damages.
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