Dietary selenium affects intestinal development of Eimeria papillata in mice

Abstract

Here, we investigated the effect of the trace element selenium (Se) on course and outcome of Eimeria-paplllata-induced coccidiosis in mice. Male mice were fed on Se-adequate (0.15 ppm), Se-deficient, and Se-high diets (1.0 ppm) for 6 weeks. Mice were orally infected with 1,000 oocysts. The prepatent period lasts for 3 days, but the course of infections varied. At Se-adequate diet, the maximum fecal output of oocysts amounted to 68,300 ooccysts/g feces on day 5 p.i.. However, fecal shedding of oocysts was accelerated in mice on Se-deficient diet and occurred already on day 4 p.i.. By contrast, maximal shedding is impaired in mice on high-Se diet, which takes place on day 5 p.i., but with a decreased output of only 7,300 oocysts/g feces. Light microscopy reveals that all developmental stages are affected: meronts, micro- and macrogamonts, and developing oocysts are increased in comparison with mice fed on selenium-adequate diet. At high Se, the number of parasitic stages in the jejunum is substantially higher than at Se-deficient diet. Se does not affect the number of jejunal Alcian blue-stained goblet cells. Se deficiency increased the number of apoptotic cells in the jejunum. Substantially increased histological injury scores reveal more injuries in jejunum tissue infected by E. papillata. Our data indicate that high dietary Se exerts potential anticoccidial activity. This may be taken advantage of in control measures towards Eimeriosis as a feed additive, potentially alleviating the need for concomitantly utilized anti-coccidial drugs in the feed.