Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313 C/T has been consistently related to obesity risk, the interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices on cardio-metabolic risk factors has not yet investigated. Therefore we aimed to test this hypothesis.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 188 (96 males and 92 females) healthy obese adults aged 20–50 years. Diet quality indices including Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) were constructed using data from a validated food frequency questionnaire. MC4R s17782313 were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices was tested by Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) multivariate interaction model.ResultsThere were significant gene-diet interactions between rs17782313 and HEI-2015 (P Interaction < 0.05) in modulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels among female group; rare allele heterozygotes of rs17782313 had highest mean of LDL-C concentration when placed in second tertile of HEI (P < 0.05). Moreover, rs17782313 and both indices (HEI and DQI-I) had significant interaction on serum glucose concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) in males (P Interaction < 0.05); when adherence to these indices was low, the obesity risk allele was associated with serum glucose concentrations, SBP and DBP. These gene-diet interactions remained significant even after adjustment for potential confounders.ConclusionOur study showed that MC4R rs17782313 interacts with adherence to the dietary quality indices (HEI and DQI-I) to influence several cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese male and females. Further large prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Highlights
The Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313 C/T has been consistently related to obesity risk, the interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices on cardio-metabolic risk factors has not yet investigated
Loos et al [20] in this study found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near MC4R, located 188 kb downstream of the MC4R, which was strongly related to obesity in adults and children
We found that adherence to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) modified the effects of MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms on levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in women and glucose in men
Summary
The Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene rs17782313 C/T has been consistently related to obesity risk, the interaction between MC4R polymorphism and diet quality indices on cardio-metabolic risk factors has not yet investigated. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, over 650 million adults across the world are obese. Available data have shown a risen rate of obesity among the Iranian population over the last three decades. It has been estimated that 21.7% of Iranian adults are obese [3]. A large body of evidence has shown that obesity is a strong risk factor for various chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and certain types of cancers [4]. Obesity, in all age groups, is related to more adverse cardio-metabolic risk factors, including hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance [5]
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