Abstract
The relationship between dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the relations between dietary protein consumption and the risk of T2D. We conducted systematic retrieval of prospective studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Summary relative risks were compiled with a fixed effects model or a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model and generalized least squares analysis were used to evaluate the diet–T2D incidence relationship. T2D risk increased with increasing consumption of total protein and animal protein, red meat, processed meat, milk, and eggs, respectively, while plant protein and yogurt had an inverse relationship. A non-linear association with the risk for T2D was found for the consumption of plant protein, processed meat, milk, yogurt, and soy. This meta-analysis suggests that substitution of plant protein and yogurt for animal protein, especially red meat and processed meat, can reduce the risk for T2D.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health issue worldwide with the vast majority of patients having type 2 diabetes (T2D)
A meta-analysis of this topic pointed out total protein intake may increase the risk of T2D [5], while long-term follow-up observational studies have suggested that high protein intake is not an independent risk factor for T2D [6]
We identified cohort studies that looked at the relationship between dietary protein intake and
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is considered a serious public health issue worldwide with the vast majority of patients having type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary factors are major behavioral factors that can influence the risk for T2D to a great extent [3]. A meta-analysis of this topic pointed out total protein intake may increase the risk of T2D [5], while long-term follow-up observational studies have suggested that high protein intake is not an independent risk factor for T2D [6]. Several longitudinal studies have observed that animal protein including red and processed meat is positively associated with T2D risk [7,8,9]; plant-based food which have high protein content is associated with a lower risk of T2D [10,11]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
