Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Kraków, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSignificant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose. Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role.ConclusionsTotal and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS and some of its components.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity [1]
The analysis of the association between various metabolic parameters and total dietary polyphenol consumption revealed an association with Body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.023 and P < 0.001 in men and women, respectively), waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.025 and P < 0.001 in men and women, respectively), SBP (P = 0.034 and P < 0.001 in men and women, respectively), DBP (P = 0.010 in women), and TG (P = 0.001; Table 2)
When the relation was tested as linear association, only BMI and WC remained significant, suggesting that differences in blood pressure and TG among polyphenols quartiles may be stronger among individuals falling into extreme categories (Table 2)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity [1]. Eur J Nutr (2017) 56:1409–1420 due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers related to metabolic impairment [3]. Overexpression of oxidative stress damages cellular structures, associated with underproduction of antioxidant mechanisms, which are supposed to be key features for the development of obesity-related complications [5]. This may explain why plant-based dietary patterns have been demonstrated to protect against MetS and its individual components [6, 7]. Together with a decreased caloric intake, high consumption of antioxidant compounds has been hypothesized to play an important role in preventing this pathological condition [8,9,10]
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