Abstract
BackgroundOur previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. However, each plant extract differently effected on growth efficiency and immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was conducted to characterize the effects and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of 3 plant extracts on gene expression of alveolar macrophages in weaned pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV.ResultsPRRSV infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 genes in pigs fed the control (CON; 755 up, 597 down). Compared with the infected CON, feeding capsicum (CAP), garlic botanical (GAR), or turmeric oleoresin (TUR) altered the expression of 46 genes (24 up, 22 down), 134 genes (59 up, 75 down), or 98 genes (55 up, 43 down) in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, respectively. PRRSV infection up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis, immune system process, and response to stimulus, but down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in signaling transduction and innate immune response. Compared with the infected CON, feeding TUR or GAR reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, feeding CAP up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation. Supplementation of CAP, GAR, or TUR also enhanced (P < 0.05) the expression of several genes related to amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, or RNA degradation, respectively.ConclusionsThe results suggest that 3 plant extracts differently regulated the expression of genes in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, especially altering genes involved in immunity.
Highlights
Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry
Gene expression profiles induced by PRRSV and plant extracts PRRSV infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 (755 up-regulated, 597 down-regulated) genes in alveolar macrophages when Infected control (ICON) was compared with the uninfected CON (Table 2)
PRRSV infection altered (P < 0.05) the expression level of genes related to cell apoptosis, antigen presentation, heat stress, receptors and co-stimulators, complement cascades, chemokines, cytokines, and antiviral activity
Summary
Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. Our previously published study reported that feeding 10 mg/kg of capsicum oleoresin, garlic botanical, or turmeric oleoresin reduced viral load in pigs infected with PRRSV on d 7 and 14 post-inoculation [7] Feeding these plant extracts inhibited the increase in serum proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α or IL-1β) and an acute phase protein (C-reactive protein), but enhanced a serum anti-inflammatory cytokine and the population of B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T cells in the blood of PRRSV-infected pigs [7]. The objective of this study was to characterize gene expression in alveolar macrophages of pigs as affected by PRRSV infection and by plant extracts, using the Affymetrix Genechip Porcine Genome Array followed by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
