Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify dietary patterns in Brazilian adolescents, describe their distributions in Brazil's State capitals and Federal District, and analyze the correlations with the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M). The study analyzed a sample of 60,954 ninth-graders from public and private schools who participated in the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009. Cluster analysis was used to characterize dietary patterns. Three patterns were identified: healthy (27.7%), unhealthy (34.6%), and mixed (37.7%). Adolescents in the country's Southeast, South, and Central West regions showed a higher proportion of the healthy eating pattern. HDI-M showed a positive correlation with the healthy pattern and a negative correlation with the mixed pattern. The identification of different dietary patterns within and between regions and according to HDI-M highlights the need for better knowledge of each local context in terms of both the magnitude of events and the examination of determinants within these different realities.
Highlights
MethodsInadequate diet is a risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) 1,2,3,4,5 and appears in young people in various countries, including Brazil
The study analyzed a sample of 60,954 ninth-graders from public and private schools who participated in the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009
In order to support health policies for young people, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the creation of surveillance systems for behavioral risk and protective factors for NCD that are specific to adolescents, to be developed within the school community 21
Summary
MethodsInadequate diet is a risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) 1,2,3,4,5 and appears in young people in various countries, including Brazil. The identification of dietary patterns has emerged as an alternative to food consumption assessment based only on foods and nutrients, and its implementation in public policies can be useful for better understanding the population’s diet [14,15,16,17]. Activities that illustrate the international effort at prevention and control of NCD include the successful implementation of surveillance systems for health risk and protective factors in various countries [18,19,20]. In order to support health policies for young people, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the creation of surveillance systems for behavioral risk and protective factors for NCD that are specific to adolescents, to be developed within the school community 21
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