Abstract
Few studies have examined the multifaceted aspects of fast food consumption and dietary patterns for their effects on obesity. We examined the independent associations of obesity with fast food consumption and dietary pattern in Korean adults using a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A total of 19,017 adults aged 19–64 years participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2014. Fast food items were removed from diet and then dietary patterns were generated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the odds of overweight/obesity and central obesity according to fast food consumption and dietary patterns. Fast food consumers were about 10% of Korean adults. Both the “White rice and kimchi” pattern and “Meat and alcohol” pattern were associated with low intakes of fiber, calcium, vitamin C, grains, fruit, and milk (p < 0.05). Fast food consumers had higher “Meat and alcohol” and “Grains, fruit, and milk” patterns, and they had a lower “White rice and kimchi” pattern than non-fast food-consumers. Fast food consumers were not associated with overweight/obesity, whereas participants with the “Meat and alcohol” pattern had 14% higher overweight/obesity (95% CI: 1.01, 1.28) and 16% higher central obesity (95% CI: 1.00, 1.34). Fast food consumption was not directly associated with obesity, whereas the “Meat and alcohol” pattern had independent associations with overweight/obesity and central obesity among Korean adults.
Highlights
Obesity is a predisposing factor for several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers [1]
We examine the independent associations of overweight/obesity with dietary pattern and fast food consumption in Korean adults using nationally representative cross-sectional survey data
General characteristics according to fast food consumption and dietary pattern are shown in According to dietary pattern, followers of the “Grain, fruit, eggs, and milk” pattern had a higher proportion of young, female, and highly educated individuals and fewer smokers regardless of fast food consumption (p < 0.0001)
Summary
Obesity is a predisposing factor for several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers [1]. The prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled To 10.8%, women: 6.4% to 14.9%) worldwide from 1975 to 2014 [2]. In many lower- and middle-income countries in Asia, including South Korea [3], the rate of adult obesity has increased as a negative consequence of increasing economic development, supposedly due to a “nutrition transition.”. The traditional dietary pattern high in grains, vegetables, and oilseeds is being replaced by a Western pattern high in fats, caloric sweeteners, and animal-sourced foods [4,5]. In line with that trend, fast food consumption doubled in South Korea from 1998 to 2009 [6].
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