Dietary patterns are associated with obesity in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Norio Sugawara,Masamichi Ishioka,Taku Nakagami,Norio Yasui-Furukori,Hanako Furukori,Sunao Kaneko,Manabu Saito,Yasushi Sato

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-184

Abstract

BackgroundObesity among patients with schizophrenia is a growing concern because being overweight is widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Dietary patterns have been suggested as one modifiable factor that may play a role in development of obesity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and obesity among patients with schizophrenia in Japan.MethodsWe recruited patients (n = 338) aged 44.0 ± 13.2 (mean ± SD) years with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who were admitted to four psychiatric hospitals using a cross-sectional design. Diet was assessed with a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Dietary patterns from 52 predefined food groups were extracted by principal component analysis.ResultsA total of 61 subjects (18.0%) were classified as obese. Three dietary patterns were identified: the healthy dietary pattern, the processed food dietary pattern, and the alcohol and accompanying dietary patterns. After adjusting for age and gender, patients within the high tertile of each healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.62) and processed food dietary pattern (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.89) had a significantly lower risk for obesity compared with low tertile of dietary pattern.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that dietary patterns, including higher intake of protein, fat, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins, may be related to a decreased prevalence of obesity within patients with schizophrenia. Future longitudinal research exploring dietary patterns and obesity among patients with schizophrenia is warranted.

Highlights

Obesity among patients with schizophrenia is a growing concern because being overweight is widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death
Previous studies have reported that dietary patterns that are high in fruits, vegetables, and fibre might be associated with a reduced risk of obesity [12]
The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Potsdam cohort found that dietary patterns that are high in fruit, and vegetables and low in high-fat dairy are associated with significantly less weight gain over a 4-year period [13]

Summary

Introduction

Obesity among patients with schizophrenia is a growing concern because being overweight is widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Obesity is a growing concern because being overweight is widely regarded as a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome [1], cardiovascular disease [2], and premature death [3,4]. Previous studies have reported that dietary patterns that are high in fruits, vegetables, and fibre might be associated with a reduced risk of obesity [12]. In a US study, consuming a diet high in fruit, vegetables, and reduced-fat dairy, and low in meat, fast food, was associated with smaller gains in body mass index and waist circumference [14]. No study has investigated associations between dietary patterns and obesity among patients with schizophrenia

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