Dietary Patterns and Years Living in the US by Hispanic/Latino Heritage in HCHS/SOL

Abstract

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify and compare a posteriori heritage-specific dietary patterns (DPs), and evaluate their associations with “healthfulness” (using Alternative Healthy Eating Index, AHEI-2010) and years living in the US. MethodsWe used baseline data from a population-based cohort of 14,099 Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We performed principal factor analysis using two 24-hr recalls to derive DPs, separately, in each heritage group (Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, South American); and identified overarching DPs based on high-loading foods shared by two or more groups. We used multivariable linear regression to test associations of DPs with AHEI-2010 and years living in the US. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02060344. ResultsWe identified 5 overarching DPs (“Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks”; “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats”; “Fish”; “Egg & Cheese”; and “Alcohol”). While all “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs were inversely associated with AHEI-2010, all Fish DPs (except Dominican) were positively associated with this index (all Ptrend < 0.001). Meanwhile, “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs showed inverse associations in Cuban and Central American groups and positive associations in Mexican-origin individuals (all Ptrend < 0.001). Fewer years living in the US was associated with higher scores for “White Rice, Beans, & Red Meats” DPs in Cuban and Mexican heritage groups and lower scores on “Burgers, Fries, & Soft Drinks” DPs in Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican groups (all Ptrend < 0.01). ConclusionsOur findings show substantial variation in DPs across Hispanics/Latinos and adherence in DPs by time in the US, which could inform dietary interventions targeting this diverse US population. Funding SourcesThis research received support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Global Cardiometabolic Disease Training Grant (1T32HL129969–01A1), the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK107791), and from the Population Research Infrastructure Program (R24 HD050924) awarded to the Carolina Population Center at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.