Abstract
Background: Nutritional transition influences a shift in eating behaviour that is associated with a rise in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a set of NCD risk factors. This study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS and its components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 healthy adults aged 35-60 years who were residents of a semi-urban district of one of the central provinces in the northeast of Thailand. A factor analysis identified dietary patterns based on the consumption of 21 food groups, which were assessed by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS was identified by using the harmonized criteria that were stipulated by six leading international organisations. The association between dietary patterns and MetS and its components were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions. The confounding factors adjusted in the model were age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and medication intake. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern characterised by high intakes of sticky rice and animal source foods; a mixed pattern included high intakes of white rice and a variety of food groups. The two dietary patterns did not show any association with MetS. Participants in the highest tertile of the traditional pattern was significantly related to high triglycerides (adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10-2.88), in comparison to those from the lowest tertile, whereas participants in the highest tertile of the mixed pattern was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR= 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.81) than those in the lowest tertile. Conclusions: Adherence to a traditional dietary pattern among the northeast Thai adults, in the context of nutrition transition, was associated with high triglyceride levels while the mixed dietary pattern was inversely related to abdominal obesity.
Highlights
Public health in most low- and middle-income countries is challenged, in addition to infectious diseases, by chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs)[1]
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as impaired blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure, is known as a major precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)[9,10] A systematic review study reported that the prevalence of MetS ranged from 11% to 40% among adults in countries of the Asia-Pacific region[11]
A positive association was found between the traditional pattern and high TG, whereas a negative association was observed between the mixed pattern and abdominal obesity
Summary
Public health in most low- and middle-income countries is challenged, in addition to infectious diseases, by chronic or non-communicable diseases (NCDs)[1] This situation coincides with economic development, demographic transition, and epidemiological changes in a population, which leads to a shift in dietary behaviours and physical activity, known as nutrition transition[2]. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as impaired blood glucose, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and high blood pressure, is known as a major precursor to T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD)[9,10] A systematic review study reported that the prevalence of MetS ranged from 11% to 40% among adults in countries of the Asia-Pacific region[11]. Conclusions: Adherence to a traditional dietary pattern among the version 2 (revision)
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