Dietary Patterns and Renal Health Outcomes in the General Population: A Review Focusing on Prospective Studies.

Aparna S. Ajjarapu,Stefanie N. Hinkle,Ellen C. Francis,Cuilin Zhang,Mengying Li

doi:10.3390/nu11081877

Abstract

Healthy dietary patterns may promote kidney health and prevent adverse renal outcomes. Although reviews have summarized the findings from studies on dietary patterns for chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, less is known about dietary patterns for maintaining kidney health prior to CKD development. The current review summarized the results from observational studies from March 2009 to March 2019 investigating associations between dietary patterns and renal outcomes in the general population. The main renal outcome assessed was CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). A total of twenty-six research articles met the inclusion criteria. Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD in the majority of the studies. Furthermore, a posteriori “unhealthy” dietary patterns were associated with an increased risk of CKD. In conclusion, the findings from this review suggest that adherence to DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns may be useful in promoting kidney health and preventing CKD in the general population. More studies, in particular among minorities, are warranted to investigate the role of diet, a potentially modifiable factor, in promoting kidney health.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), described as abnormalities in kidney structure and function [1], has a global prevalence of 13.4% [2]
The findings from this review suggest that adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean dietary patterns may be useful in promoting kidney health and preventing CKD in the general population
Dietary factors are emerging risk factors for chronic diseases and exploring these factors could promote kidney health and prevent CKD, which is important for reducing the morbidities and the high health care costs associated with this disease

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), described as abnormalities in kidney structure and function [1], has a global prevalence of 13.4% [2]. CKD is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality and decreased quality of life [3,4,5,6]. 64 billion dollars in Medicare expenditures for CKD treatment in 2015 [7,8] and developed countries spend 2–3% of their annual health care budget on the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [8,9]. The costs for treatment increase exponentially as CKD advances in stage [10]. Dietary factors are emerging risk factors for chronic diseases and exploring these factors could promote kidney health and prevent CKD, which is important for reducing the morbidities and the high health care costs associated with this disease

Methods

Results

Conclusion