Dietary Patterns and Obesity among Chinese Adults: Results from a Household-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Yan Zou,Jia Meng,Yueqiang Fang,Shichang Xia,Gangqiang Ding,Ronghua Zhang,Lichun Huang

doi:10.3390/ijerph14050487

Abstract

The key dietary pattern other than dietary factors influencing obesity has been reported by several large epidemiological studies. This study was carried out between 2010 and 2012 including 1613 adult residents in Zhejiang Province. Dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis based on 24-h dietary recall. Associations with dietary patterns and obesity were examined and adjusted for age and gender by logistic regression. Five dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with their eigenvalues greater than 1: ‘cereal, animal, and plant food’, ‘high protein food’, ‘plant food’, ‘poultry’, and ‘beverage’. After adjustment for age and gender, the ‘cereal, animal, and plant food’ and ‘beverage’ pattern was associated with obesity (OR = 2.924, 3.257; 95% CI = 1.147–7.463, 1.372–7.692). In conclusion, ‘cereal, animal, and plant food’ and ‘beverage’ dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of obesity. ‘Cereal, animal, and plant food’ dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased protein and fat intake; while a ‘beverage’ dietary pattern may be associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased carbohydrate intake. The findings are valuable in targeting future nutrition education.

Highlights

During the global nutrition shift period, obesity began to dominate the globe
The relationship between dietary factors and chronic disease among adults living in China has been reported [7,8], and a study conducted in China reported that dietary patterns may affect the likelihood of metabolic syndrome [9]
Of these, ‘cereal, animal, and plant food’ and ‘beverage’ patterns were associated with a significantly increased risk of obesity. ‘cereal, animal, and plant food’ dietary pattern may be associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased protein and fat intake; while ‘beverage’ dietary pattern may associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased carbohydrate intake

Summary

Introduction

During the global nutrition shift period, obesity began to dominate the globe. Urban and rural areas from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia’s poorest countries to the higher income countries have been shown to have experienced rapid increases in overweight and obesity prevalence [1].In China, obesity rates across all age and gender groups have risen greatly in the past two decades [2].The implications of these trends of obesity for health, quality of life, productivity, and health care costs are crucial.A dietary pattern was defined as the number of various types of food in the diet and the proportion of the diet [3]. In China, obesity rates across all age and gender groups have risen greatly in the past two decades [2]. The implications of these trends of obesity for health, quality of life, productivity, and health care costs are crucial. The dietary pattern approach, which takes into consideration possible interactions between nutrients or food items, could capture some of the complexity of diet that is frequently lost in the single-nutrient-based analyses [4,5] and may provide insightful information on its relationship with obesity risk factors. Dietary patterns were population specific and were influenced by sociocultural factors and food availability [6]. The relationship between dietary factors and chronic disease among adults living in China has been reported [7,8], and a study conducted in China reported that dietary patterns may affect the likelihood of metabolic syndrome [9]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion