Dietary Patterns and Hyperuricemia in Adult Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Abstract

Dietary patterns have been found to be related to hyperuricemia (HUA) in some studies, and it is necessary to gather evidence on the role of nutrition in HUA to provide advice and guidance for the management of chronic diseases. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the correlation between dietary patterns and HUA risk. We searched seven electronic databases up to 31 January 2023 for studies that investigated adherence to the “Healthy” pattern and “Meat/Western” pattern in relation to HUA. Estimates were pool using random-effects models with stratification by observational study, heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. 10 observational studies that identified the “Healthy” and the “Meat/Western” dietary patterns were included in the meta-analysis. The “Healthy” pattern was associated with the reduction of HUA risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61–0.88) and significantly decreased it in cohort study (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.72–0.86) and in Eastern countries (OR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.64–0.98) and Western countries (OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.30–0.92). The “Meat/Western” pattern was related to increased HUA risk (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.17–1.37) and the association still existed in the stratified analysis by study design. The “Healthy” and “Meat/Western” patterns are significantly associated with the reduction and elevation of HUA risk, respectively. This provides a reasonable evidence base to evaluate the role of dietary interventions to prevent HUA.