Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To identify the main dietary patterns in type 2 diabetes patients and study their association with glycemic indexes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a diabetes treatment reference institution located in the city of Fortaleza (CE). Two R24h were applied, as well as 12h fast blood glucose tests and anthropometric assessments in 188 diabetic patients. The principal components factor analysis method was applied together with a Varimax orthogonal rotation method to identify dietary patterns. The Poisson Regression and the Spearman coefficient were used to test the association with glycemic indexes. Results A hundred eighty eight diabetic patients were evaluated, of which 51.1% patients had decompensated glucose values. Five main dietary patterns were identified: traditional Brazilian, energy-dense, infusion and wholegrain cereal, sandwich and dairy, and healthy diets, which explained 37.2% of the total variance in intake. A negative correlation with glucose was found for the traditional Brazilian diet (p=0.018; r=-0.173). Conclusion Out of the five identified dietary patterns consumed by the type 2 diabetes patients studied, a higher adherence to the traditional Brazilian dietary patterns resulted in lower blood glucose levels.
Highlights
Out of the five identified dietary patterns consumed by the type 2 diabetes patients studied, a higher adherence to the traditional Brazilian dietary patterns resulted in lower blood glucose levels
The study population consisted of 188 diabetic female and male patients; patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus diagnosed more than 2 years ago; the patients were continuously monitored at the institution; adults or elderly; Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25.0-34.9kg/m2; use of oral hypoglycemic agentes such as metformin hydrochloride, glibenclamide and/or glicazide, which are distributed by SUS; and they were not on insulin; The patients were not affected by other known diseases, except those commonly associated with type 2 diabetes Mellitus
The highly industrialized diet is a trend in the Brazilian population [29], but we found that diabetic patients have a greater adherence to the more traditional dietary pattern
Summary
The incidence of diabetes has progressively increased in the world, and to a greater extent in developing countries [1,2], as the prevalence of diabetes affected more than 300 million people in 2013 [3].Type 2 diabetes is characterized as being a disturbance in the efficient metabolism of glucose and it is related to a considerable increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to serious complications [3].Most people with this type of diabetes are overweight or obese and do not rely on exogenous insulin to survive, but may require its use only as a treatment for metabolic control [4].Genetic conditions do play an important role for the development of the disease, but the current epidemic indicates changes in lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes is characterized as being a disturbance in the efficient metabolism of glucose and it is related to a considerable increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to serious complications [3] Most people with this type of diabetes are overweight or obese and do not rely on exogenous insulin to survive, but may require its use only as a treatment for metabolic control [4]. Overweight and obesity are considered important risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, which result from imbalanced food intake and caloric expenditure often due to an unhealthy lifestyle, DIETARY PATTERNS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS 3 insufficient physical exercise, and unhealthy food consumption [1,5] These facts show that environmental elements are the main causes of the increase of type 2 diabetes [4,6]
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