Abstract
Although the role of dietary factors in the prevention of bone loss and fractures has been investigated in many studies, few studies have examined the association between dietary patterns and total body bone density. Our aim was to determine the relations between dietary patterns and whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD) and the association between dietary patterns, fractures, and multiple fractures in the elderly. This cross-sectional study included 177 individuals aged ≥65 years. A dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to measure BMD. Dietary patterns were ascertained by a combination of dietary intake assessment and principal components analysis. Only three dietary patterns correlated with whole-body bone density. The multivariate-adjusted mean bone density across tertiles of these dietary patterns showed that the highest tertile of both the patterns 1 and 2 had a significantly higher bone density than the lowest tertile (pattern 1: 1.021 ± 0.01 and 1.070 ± 0.01 g/cm2 for T1 and T3, respectively; p = 0.043; pattern 2: 1.023 ± 0.01, and 1.081 ± 0.01 g/cm2 for T1 and T3, respectively; p = 0.003). We also find significant gender difference in these results. The highest adherence to the dietary pattern 5 was associated with decreased odds of having fractures (OR = 0.20, p = 0.009), and adherence to the pattern 1 was negatively associated with multiple fractures. A high adherence to the dietary pattern 1 (high intake of grains, fish and olive oil) was associated with a high BMD and a low number of fractures. The highest adherence to the dietary pattern 5 (legumes and wine) was associated with decreased odds of having fractures. Our finding would suggest a potential bone-preserving properties of specific dietary patterns in the elderly.
Highlights
The potential role of multiple dietary factors on bone health and fracture risk has been widely reported [1]
We found that the highest tertile of both the dietary pattern 1 and 2 had a significantly higher whole-body bone mineral density (WB-bone mineral density (BMD)) than the lowest tertile, after adjustment for non-dietary factors and medications (Table 3)
We investigated the potential effects of dietary patterns on WB-BMD since several biases are systematically found in older populations over the age of 65 years with a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan [5,6,7]
Summary
The potential role of multiple dietary factors on bone health and fracture risk has been widely reported [1]. While postmenopausal osteoporosis causes accelerated trabecular bone resorption and tends to involve the spine, femur, and wrist, senile osteoporosis affects both trabecular and cortical bone, resulting in characteristic fractures of the proximal humerus, tibia, pelvis, and hip [10], a WB-BMD assessment may be a precious methodology in the elderly. For these reasons, in this study the main measurement outcome was WB-BMD. The objective of the present study was to determine the relations between dietary patterns and WB-BMD and the possible association between dietary patterns and fractures and the number of fractures (multiple fractures) in a population of elderly individuals
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