Dietary pattern and its association with the prevalence of obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors among Chinese children.

Xianwen Shang,Xianwen Shang,Xianwen Shang,Guifa Xu,Xiaoqi Hu,Jun Ma,Ying Li,Lin Du,Hongwei Guo,Yanping Li,Songming Du,Ailing Liu,Guansheng Ma,Qian Zhang,Shengxu Li

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043183

Abstract

BackgroundThe association of dietary pattern with chronic diseases has been investigated widely in western countries. However, information is quite limited among children in China. Our study is aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Chinese children and examine their association with obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsA total of 5267 children were selected using multistage random sampling from 30 primary schools of 5 provincial capital cities in China. Dietary intake was derived from 24 hour dietary recall for three consecutive days. Anthropometric measurements, glucose and lipid profiles were obtained. Factor analysis combined with cluster analysis was used for identifying major dietary patterns. The associations of dietary patterns with obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors were examined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThree mutually exclusive dietary patterns were identified, which were labeled as the healthy dietary pattern, the transitive dietary pattern, and the Western dietary pattern. Compared with children of the healthy dietary pattern, the multiple-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval (CI)) of obesity were 1.11 (0.89–1.38) for children with the transitive dietary pattern and 1.80 (1.15–2.81) for children with the Western dietary pattern, which was 1.31 (95%CI 1.09–1.56) and 1.71 (95%CI: 1.13–2.56), respectively, for abdominal obesity. The Western dietary pattern was associated with significantly higher concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<.001), triglycerides (P<.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0435) and fasting glucose (P = 0.0082) and a lower concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0023), as compared with the healthy dietary pattern.ConclusionsThe Western dietary pattern characterized by red meat, eggs, refined grain and products, was positively associated with odds of obesity, the levels of plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and was inversely associated with the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Highlights

As an approach to examine diet-diseases relationship, the analysis of dietary patterns has been implicated frequently since it was introduced in 1980s [1,2,3,4]
Dietary Patterns Four major factors were extracted through factor analysis using
Factor 2 was characterized as high positive loadings on milk and yogurt, eggs, fruit, and vegetables, and high negative loadings on sugar and beef, lamb and other red meat

Summary

Introduction

As an approach to examine diet-diseases relationship, the analysis of dietary patterns has been implicated frequently since it was introduced in 1980s [1,2,3,4]. China has achieved remarkable economic progress in recent years. Accompanied with these rapid economic changes, dietary pattern is shifting from the traditional pattern with high intake of cereals and vegetables and low intake of animal food, to the Western pattern with high intake of animal foods and other high-energy-dense foods [7,8]. With the remarkably increasing in prevalence of obesity among children [11], it has become a public health concern in China [12]. Our study is aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Chinese children and examine their association with obesity and related cardiometabolic risk factors

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion