Dietary Nutrients and Insulin Resistance in Urban Asian Indian Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract

Background: Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance that may underlie their higher tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and early-onset atherosclerosis. Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary nutrients and insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults. Design: Dietary nutrient intake values (24-hour dietary recall and monthly consumption data) and fasting serum insulin levels were studied in 352 (311 males and 41 females) healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age 18.0 ± 2.3 years; range 14–25 years). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with hyperinsulinemia as the outcome variable and various dietary nutrients and anthropometric variables as covariates. Results: Mean fasting serum insulin levels were 107.4 ± 35.0 pmol/l (36.5–230.4 pmol/l). The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was higher, saturated fat and the ω–6 to ω–3 PUFA ratio were in the upper limit, and ω–3 PUFAs (% caloric intake, En) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for Asian Indians. The PUFAs (% En), BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference were significantly higher in the hyperinsulinemic group compared with the normoinsulinemic group (p = 0.021, 0.0021, 0.0006, and 0.0041, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the lowest tertile of ω–6 (<3% En) PUFA intake [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.3 (0.1–0.7)] and BMI [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.9 (1.4–6.0)] were the significant independent predictors of fasting hyperinsulinemia. Conclusion: For prevention and amelioration of insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults, it is prudent to have normal BMI and low intake of ω–6 PUFAs.