Abstract
IntroductionAlthough the association between blood pressure and vitamin D has been well studied, the effects of dietary magnesium intake on this relationship are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D and blood pressure.MethodsThe present study analyzed data from the continuous the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014. We included 8,799 participants aged 20 years or older. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the association between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Dietary magnesium intake was stratified by low magnesium intake (<299 mg/d) and high magnesium intake (≥299 mg/d). Effect modification by dietary magnesium intake was assessed through interaction tests between vitamin D and SBP in the multivariable linear regression.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, we found that vitamin D was negatively related to SBP, but not to DBP. The relationship between vitamin D and SBP was different in the low and high magnesium intake group (β: −0.25 95%Cl: −0.4~0.07 vs β: −0.32 95%Cl: −0.52~-0.12). Furthermore, magnesium intake significantly modified the negative relationship between vitamin D and SBP in most of the models.ConclusionOur research showed that magnesium and vitamin D have an interactive effect in reducing SBP, which may have great importance for clinical medication.
Highlights
The association between blood pressure and vitamin D has been well studied, the effects of dietary magnesium intake on this relationship are still unclear
Analyzing the nationally representative adult population data in the United States, this study showed that vitamin D was negatively related to systolic blood pressure (SBP), and has no significant relationship with diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
It was found that dietary magnesium intake and vitamin D had an interactive effect on reducing SBP in most of the models, which indicates that the interaction of high serum vitamin D and high intake of magnesium is greater than the sum of the individual effects
Summary
The association between blood pressure and vitamin D has been well studied, the effects of dietary magnesium intake on this relationship are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D and blood pressure. Hypertension is a global public health problem with the prevalence of nearly 40% in adults over 25 years of age worldwide [1]. It can be the risk factor of some cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart failure [2]. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is highly prevalent worldwide [4] It is associated with pre-eclampsia, childhood dental caries, periodontitis, cardiovascular diseases, and so on [5]. The differences in the results of the studies may be attributed to potential effect modifiers or confounding factors that have not been fully considered, such as dietary magnesium intake
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