Dietary Intake and Eating Behaviors of Young Adults Differ According to Student Status and Residence

Abstract

Text: Few U.S. young adults consume diets consistent with current recommendations for health and little data are available to guide interventions for this diverse population. This study aimed to describe dietary intakes and eating behaviors of young adults according to postsecondary student status and residence. The sample consisted of 428 two-year college students, 587 four-year college students, and 649 nonstudents enrolled in a population-based study (Project EAT-II). Participants (44% male, mean age 20.5 years) completed surveys and food frequency questionnaires by mail in 2003-2004. Linear regression models adjusted for demographics were used to examine group differences. Differences according to student status were found for intakes of dark-green/orange vegetables, whole grains, soft drinks, saturated fat, and breakfast frequency. In general, male and female four-year students reported a more healthful dietary pattern compared to two-year students and non-students. Within categories of student status, differences were also found according to residence. Among twoyear students and non-students, males who lived with their parents generally reported more healthful patterns (e.g., less fast food, more frequent breakfast meals) in comparison to those who rented their residence. Among four-year students, females who lived on campus generally reported more healthful patterns (e.g., higher intakes of fruit and calcium) in comparison to those who rented their residence or lived with their parents. The results suggest a great need for nutrition interventions for young adults who are two-year college students and non-students. Interventions will need to be designed to support the unique needs and challenges of those living in different residential situations.