Abstract
Diet is a key modifiable factor in the management of malnutrition and age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, an important issue in long-term care homes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dietary intake of residents, define dietary patterns, and analyze their association with sex, diet texture, nutritional status, and the presence of sarcopenia. Intake was assessed by the precise weighing method, dietary patterns were defined a posteriori by cluster analysis, and nutritional status and sarcopenia were evaluated by applying the MNA-SF test and EWGSOP algorithm, respectively. A regular diet was consumed by 63% of participants; 56% were at risk of malnutrition and 63% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Intake of potassium, magnesium, zinc, iodine, vitamin D, E, folic acid, and fiber was low in >80% of participants. Protein intake was <1 g/kg/day in 56% of participants and <25 g/meal in 100%. Two dietary patterns were identified, but neither fully met recommendations. The risk of a poorer diet was higher in females and residents with sarcopenia and was lower in those consuming regular diets. In conclusion, action is required to improve the inadequate nutritional intake of long-term care residents.
Highlights
IntroductionThe improvement of nutrition in long-term care (LTC) homes is an important research priority [1]
The improvement of nutrition in long-term care (LTC) homes is an important research priority [1].Diet is a key modifiable factor in the management of malnutrition [2,3] and age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia, an important issue in long-term homes [4]
The risk of a poorer diet was higher in females and residents with sarcopenia and was lower in those consuming regular diets
Summary
The improvement of nutrition in long-term care (LTC) homes is an important research priority [1]. Diet is a key modifiable factor in the management of malnutrition [2,3] and age-related diseases, such as sarcopenia, an important issue in long-term homes [4]. Various dietary assessment methods have been used to monitor dietary intake in institutionalized elderly people, but the precise weighing technique is established as the gold standard approach [12]. Available statistical approaches to identify dietary patterns from intake data include principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Cluster analysis defines patterns a posteriori, establishing subgroups of individuals with similar mean dietary intakes [15]
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