Dietary inflammatory index potentially increases blood pressure and markers of glucose homeostasis among adults: findings from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to systematically review and summarize eligible studies for the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and blood pressure, hypertension (HTN) and glucose homeostasis biomarkers. In a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases up to February 2019, relevant studies were included in the literature review. Observational studies evaluating the association between DII and HTN, hyperglycaemia, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were included. Not applicable. Total numbers of studies were as follows: OR for DII and HTN (n 12), OR for DII and hyperglycaemia (n 9), HTN prevalence (n 9), mean (sd) of SBP and DII (n 12), mean (sd) of DBP and DII (n 10), mean (sd) of FBS and DII (n 13), mean (sd) of HbA1c and DII (n 3), mean (sd) of insulin and DII (n 6), mean (sd) of HOMA-IR and DII (n 7). Higher DII scores were associated with higher odds of HTN (OR = 1·13; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·27; P < 0·001), SBP (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1·230; 95 % CI 0·283, 2·177; P = 0·011), FBS (WMD = 1·083; 95 % CI 0·099, 2·068; P = 0·031), insulin (WMD = 0·829; 95 % CI 0·172, 1·486; P = 0·013), HbA1c (WMD = 0·615; 95 % CI 0·268, 0·961; P = 0·001) and HOMA-IR (WMD = 0·192; 95 % CI 0·023, 0·361; P = 0·026) values compared with lowest DII categories. Lower inflammatory content of diets for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors is recommended.