Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiometabolic Risk in Ecuadorian Women.

Yankun Wang,Mary Margaret Weigel,Rodrigo X Armijos,Pengcheng Xun

doi:10.3390/nu13082640

Abstract

Low-grade systemic inflammation is implicated in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic diseases. Diet is hypothesized to be an important low-grade inflammation modifier. However, few studies have examined the association of dietary inflammation with MetS and cardiometabolic risk in Latin American populations and their findings are inconsistent. Our cross-sectional study examined the association of dietary inflammatory potential with MetS and cardiometabolic risk components in 276 urban Ecuadorian women. Dietary inflammation was evaluated using an energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), divided into quartiles (Q). E-DII scores ranged from −4.89 (most anti-inflammatory) to 4.45 (most pro-inflammatory). Participants in the most pro-inflammatory (Q4) compared to the least inflammatory E-DII quartile (Q1) had a 4.4 increased adjusted odds for MetS (95% C.I. = 2.0, 9.63; p < 0.001). Every one-unit increase in E-DII was associated with a 1.4 increase in MetS (95% CI = 1.22, 1.52; p < 0.001). In other adjusted models, the most pro-inflammatory E-DII quartile (Q4) was positively associated with total blood cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001), LDL-c (p = 0.007), diastolic blood pressure (p< 0.002), mean arterial pressure (p < 0.006), waist circumference (p < 0.008), and Framingham risk score (p < 0.001). However, the previously identified associations with pulse wave velocity and BMI were no longer evident in the models. These findings suggest that more pro-inflammatory diets may contribute to poorer cardiometabolic health. Promoting healthier diets with a lower inflammatory potential may help to prevent or slow development of cardiometabolic disorders.

Highlights

Introduction iationsCardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and fatty liver disease, pose a major and growing global public health challenge
The average age of participants was 36 years, and the majority were from the mestizo ethnic majority group
To the best of knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship of dietary inflammatory potential, as measured by energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-dietary inflammatory index (DII)) scores, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in an Ecuadorian group, in this case, urban adult women

Summary

Introduction

Cardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and fatty liver disease, pose a major and growing global public health challenge. These are characterized by the presence of a common group of metabolic risk factors including obesity, impaired glucose regulation, and dyslipidemia [1]. Population rates of cardiometabolic disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the cluster of risk factors that raises the risk for these, are rapidly increasing especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) undergoing nutritional and epidemiologic transition [2] including those in Latin America [3]. Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important feature of cardiometabolic disease.

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Conclusion