Abstract
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are important enteric pathogens that induce hemorrhagic colitis or even fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome. Emerging evidence shows that some bio-actives derived from fruits and vegetables may serve as alternatives to antibiotics for overcoming multidrug resistant E. coli infections. In this study, the Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) infection model was utilized to mimic E. coli-induced acute intestinal inflammation, and the effects of a cruciferous vegetable-derived cancer protective compound, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), on the immune responses of Cr-susceptible C3H/HeN mice were investigated. Dietary I3C significantly inhibited the loss of body weight and the increase in spleen size in Cr infected mice. In addition, I3C treatment reduced the inflammatory response to Cr infection by maintaining anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-22 mRNA levels while reducing expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL17A, IL6, IL1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of IL17, TNF-α, IL12p70, and G-CSF also were down-regulated by I3C in Cr-infected mice. Additionally, dietary I3C specifically enhanced the Cr-specific IgG response to Cr infection. In general, dietary I3C reduced the Cr-induced pro-inflammatory response in susceptible C3H/HeN mice and alleviated the physiological changes and tissue damage induced by Cr infection but not Cr colonization.
Highlights
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) are some of the most common pathogenic bacteria that contribute to clinical infections in both animals and humans [1].EPEC/EHEC exist as normal microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminant animals, such as cow and sheep, but are asymptomatic, while causing severe disease in humans [2]
That isinfections characterized by anemia, kidney failure, low has increased the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR)
We focused on characterizing the effects of dietary I3C on the immune response to Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) infection in inflammation-susceptible mice (C3H/HeN strain) to gain further insight into the immunomodulatory properties of dietary I3C
Summary
Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) are some of the most common pathogenic bacteria that contribute to clinical infections in both animals and humans [1].EPEC/EHEC exist as normal microbes in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminant animals, such as cow and sheep, but are asymptomatic, while causing severe disease in humans [2]. Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) are some of the most common pathogenic bacteria that contribute to clinical infections in both animals and humans [1]. About 30% of confirmed cases require hospitalization, and about 10% of cases develop into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that is characterized by anemia, kidney failure, and low platelet counts [5,6]. Antibiotics are commonly for bacterial but their overuse on farms andand in hospitals into hemolytic uremicprescribed syndrome (HUS). That isinfections characterized by anemia, kidney failure, low has increased the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli infections, which have become a platelet counts [5,6]. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for bacterial infections but their overuse significant threat to hospitals human health [7]. The of alternative strategies on farms and in has increased thedevelopment incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E.for colicontrolling infections, the spread andhave treatment
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