Dietary Habits, Nutritional Knowledge, and Their Impact on Thyroid Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and various bodily functions through hormone production. Women are particularly susceptible to thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's disease, with associated symptoms affecting overall well-being. Prior research has inadequately addressed the influence of dietary habits and nutritional knowledge on thyroid health, especially in women. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits and nutritional awareness of women aged 18-45 with diagnosed thyroid disorders, emphasizing the effects of education level on knowledge and dietary practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 297 women diagnosed with thyroid conditions. The survey assessed demographics, comorbidities, hydration habits, and knowledge about nutrient intake critical for thyroid health. Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations. Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's disease were most prevalent among younger women (18-25 years). A significant association was observed between higher education and knowledge of protein and carbohydrate roles in managing thyroid health (p < 0.01). Women with higher educational backgrounds more frequently used healthier cooking methods and were more informed about beneficial nutrients, including vitamin D and omega-3. A chi-square test indicated that low water intake was significantly associated with comorbid conditions, including insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (p < 0.01). Significant gaps remain in dietary knowledge, particularly concerning protein intake and nutrient-drug interactions, indicating a need for targeted dietary education. Women with higher education demonstrated greater dietary awareness, emphasizing the importance of tailored educational interventions to enhance thyroid disorder management.