Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possible risk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. A study of dietary habits and breast cancer was conducted among 53 Iranian women with histological confirmed disease and 40 matched controls. A dietary habits questionnaire was used to evaluate the pattern of selected food intakes. The risk of cancer was analyzed after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, educational status, parity, lactation, marital status, menopause, history of estrogen therapy, and family history of breast disease or cancer were assessed among participants. Special attention was given to the relationship between consumption of high fat meat, milk, yogurt and cheese as well use of frying oils for frying foods, use of olive/liquid oils for cooking, removing fat from meat and poultry, removing chicken skin and not use of mayonnaise as salad dressing and the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, salad, vegetable and fruit consumption, and eating outdoors owere investigated. Our results revealed significant lower education and higher BMI and waist circumference levels in patients with breast cancer. There was significantly increased breast cancer risk in overweight women in comparison with normal weight (OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24 to 6.82). High intake of fat dairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breast cancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Use of olive/liquid oils for cooking and avoidance of mayonnaise as salad dressing are related to lower risk of breast cancer. The frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet could be an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer amongst women worldwide (Chlebowski et al, 2008; Ferlay et al, 2010), with nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2012, that comprising about 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women (Hussain M et al, 2014)
We found significantly higher level of body mass index (BMI) and Waist circumference (WC) in patients with breast cancer (p=0.008 and p=0.002 respectively)
Our results demonstrated 6.3 that subjects who used of olive/ liquid oils for cooking and many1k0in.1ds of content, which cheese, have a relatively high saturated fat m2a0y.3increase breast cancer risk
Summary
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer amongst women worldwide (Chlebowski et al, 2008; Ferlay et al, 2010), with nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2012, that comprising about 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women (Hussain M et al, 2014). The strong evidence demonstrated the different breast cancer risk by diverse dietary habits (Pawlega, 1992; Nordevang et al, 1993; Mourouti et al, 2013; Mourouti et al, 2014), but the inconsistency of the results from various countries considering the pattern of food intake (Taioli et al, 1991) suggesting the investigation of dietary habits relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possible risk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. High intake of fat dairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breast cancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Conclusions: Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet could be an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer
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