Abstract
BackgroundA growing number of researches supported that dietary fructose was associated with most of the key features of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there was no related epidemiological studies among Chinese population, despite the sharp increase in MetS cases. This study explores the relationship between dietary fructose and MetS among Chinese residents aged 45 and above.MethodsA total of 25,528 participants (11,574 males and 13,954 females) were included in this nationwide representative cross-sectional study of China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Dietary fructose intake was assessed by 3-day 24-h dietary records. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation and Chinese Diabetes Society criteria.ResultsThe consumption of dietary fructose was 11.6 g/day for urban residents and 7.6 g/day for rural residents. Fruits and vegetables as well as their products were the main sources of fructose intake. There was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS in both urban (P = 0.315) and rural residents (P = 0.230) after adjustment for confounding factors. Moreover, for urban residents participating physical activities, the odds of having MetS in the fourth quartiles (OR: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.52-0.87) was lower than that in the first quartile. In the sensitivity analysis, a significant reduction in the odds of having MetS was also found in the fourth quartiles (OR, 95%CI: 0.68, 0.51-0.90; 0.67, 0.49-0.91; 0.74, 0.56-0.99) compared with the first quartile when excluding smokers, alcohol users, and underweight/obesity, respectively. And there was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS after multivariate adjustment stratified by gender, smoking and alcohol use.ConclusionsUnder the current dietary fructose intake status, there was no association between dietary fructose intake and the odds of having MetS among Chinese residents aged 45 and above. Physical activity and relatively low fructose intake may have a beneficial synergistic effect on MetS.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a series of cardiometabolic risk factors leading to high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and chronic kidney disease
Based on data of nationally representative cross-sectional survey of China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2010-2012, this study aims to investigate the association between dietary fructose intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese residents aged 45 and above
Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), TG, and Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were higher in urban participants than that in rural participants (P < 0.001), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was the opposite (P < 0.001, Table 1)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a series of cardiometabolic risk factors leading to high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and chronic kidney disease. Increased sugar intake was widely recognized as a contributor to the worldwide epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and their associated cardio-metabolic risks [6]. Some of them concluded that intakes of fructose were associated with increased risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardio-metabolic syndrome [8,9,10,11]. Our previous research found that the average dietary fructose intake of Chinese residents aged 45 and above was 8.29 g/d, which is lower than that of Americans (48.07 g/d) and Iranians (46.50 g/d for male and 37.30 g/d for female) [19]. There is no large epidemiological study to explore the relationship between dietary fructose and MetS under the current intake level among Chinese population the prevalence of MetS has increased rapidly. This study explores the relationship between dietary fructose and MetS among Chinese residents aged 45 and above
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