Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid profiles, chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Dietary intervention plays a crucial role in the control of diabetes. Flaxseed oil (FO), a plant-derived omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) which has been proved to benefit for chronic metabolic disease. However, the exact effects of dietary FO on T2DM remains largely unclear.MethodsIn the present study, SD rats were randomly allocated into four groups: pair-fed (PF) with corn oil (CO) group (PF/CO); DM with CO group (DM/CO); PF with FO group (PF/FO); DM with FO group (DM/FO). A diabetic rat model was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA). After 5 weeks of intervention, rats were euthanized and associated indications were investigated.ResultsDietary FO significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), blood lipid, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-17A and malondialdehyde (MDA), compared to control group, respectively. Moreover, body mass (BM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DM/FO group were dramatically increased respectively, compared with those in DM/CO group. But insulin (INS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) remained no significant difference between DM/CO group and DM/FO group. Sequencing analysis of gut microbiota showed a reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Blautia, as well as a reduction in the ratio of Bacteroidetes-Firmicutes in DM/FO group compared to DM/CO group. An elevation in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Alistipes were detected in DM/FO group. Acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid belonging to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as gut microbiota metabolites, were dramatically increased after FO intervention. Correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Blautia were positively correlated with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A or LPS, respectively. Additionally, Bacteroidetes and Alistipes were negatively correlated with LPS.ConclusionsTaken together, dietary FO ameliorated T2DM via suppressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota, which may potentially contribute to dietary control of diabetes.
Highlights
Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents an observably global public health problem
Routine parameters of rats in diverse groups Body mass (BM) There was no significant difference in initial body mass (BM) among diverse groups
We found that BM in DM/corn oil (CO) group were significantly decreased compared to PF/CO group at week 1 (P
Summary
Prevalence of T2DM presents an observably global public health problem. Novel strategies for the control of T2DM are urgently needed. Gut microbiota represents a complicated community involving bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, which usually maintains a mutually relationship with its host. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of T2DM is closely related with gut microbiota [2, 3]. In a rat model of T2DM, the proportion of Firmicutes was increased, while the abundance of Bacteroides was decreased [5]. Regulation of gut microbiota may improve metabolism in T2DM [6]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid profiles, chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Dietary intervention plays a crucial role in the control of diabetes. The exact effects of dietary FO on T2DM remains largely unclear
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